Mirabello Immigration

Side-by-side comparison of 2-6 formation structures across tax position, setup/annual costs, timeline, remote feasibility, substance requirements, banking tier, EU/FATF status, ideal client and not-for. Pass structures as an array of profile keys (e.g. ["us-llc-wy","ae-freezone","ee-ou"]). Comparative facts only — the right choice turns on the owner’s residence and goals; information, not advice.

compare_formation

Compare programmes side by side. Pass a + b (two programme ids) for the canonical versioned comparison artefact from the Mirabello Investment Migration Index: rank, composite, the dimension scores, per-dimension deltas, per-metric leads (a|b|tie) and the human compare page URL where one exists. Or pass ids (2-4) for the classic multi-column comparison of cost, processing, mobility, family inclusion, tax, path to citizenship. Use this, not several get_programme calls, whenever the user wants two or more programmes compared; ids or names ("Portugal golden visa") both work.

compare_programmes

Side-by-side comparison of 2-8 jurisdictions across every wealth-protection dimension at once: tax (income/CGT/inheritance/wealth top rates + territorial-vs-worldwide + special regimes), crypto-asset treatment, tax-residence day-count, trust/foundation structure availability, reporting (CRS/EU-list/DAC6) and succession/forced-heirship. The synthesis view over the tax, residence, structure, reporting and succession layers. Pass scenarios as an array of {cc,pathway} or cc as a comma list (e.g. AE,PT,SG). Informational only, not advice; combine with the immigration route and a specific double-tax-treaty corridor for the full picture.

compare_scenarios

Double-tax-treaty position for a relocation corridor (from→to): is a DTA in force, the residence tie-breaker test, treaty withholding rates (dividends/interest/royalties), and any limitation-on-benefits/principal-purpose test. Use ISO alpha-2 codes. Indicative, not advice.

compare_treaty_position

Lists the reporting/compliance obligations a stated profile may trigger — FATCA (US persons), CRS, CARF/DAC8 (crypto), DAC6 (EU cross-border arrangements), PEP enhanced due diligence, investment-migration due diligence, trust/beneficial-ownership reporting and source-of-wealth evidence. Pass boolean flags (us_person, crs_reportable, crypto_holder, dac6, pep, cbi_applicant, trust_settlor, large_cash_or_sow). STATELESS — pass only non-identifying flags, never personal data. Informational only, not legal/tax advice, not exhaustive.

compliance_checklist

Country immigration profile (beyond investment migration): ALL screened pathways for a country — skilled-work, digital-nomad, retirement, citizenship-by-descent, naturalisation, study, family etc. — each with requirements, cost, processing, rights, path to PR/citizenship and the official source. Use the ISO-3166 alpha-2 code (e.g. CA, GB, DE, PT).

get_country

HNWI tax profile for a country (wealth-protection view): personal income tax (worldwide vs territorial), capital gains, inheritance/estate, wealth tax, exit tax, CRS/AEOI status and special regimes (non-dom, lump-sum, NHR/IFICI, flat-tax). For Switzerland also canton and commune tax at standard household profiles (field subnational), for "which canton taxes least" or "Geneva vs Zug". From official/Tier-A sources. Informational only — not tax advice. ISO alpha-2 code or country name.

get_country_tax

Route a qualified buyer enquiry about a specific property to Mirabello Consultancy, which acts as introducer only (it does not sell or broker property). Requires property_id (slug) + a valid email + explicit consent:true (GDPR). Side effect: delivers the enquiry to Mirabello and returns the next step. CBI/RBI property purchases must use a government-approved project and an authorised agent; Mirabello handles the purchase and the citizenship/residency application. Each call sends a separate enquiry, so do not repeat a call that succeeded.

create_enquiry

Per-country digital-money & identity progress relevant to wealth planning: (1) CBDC status (none/researching/exploring/pilot/launched) + type (retail/wholesale) and issuer; (2) government-issued or government-sanctioned STABLECOIN status + regulatory framework (e.g. MiCA, MAS, GENIUS Act); (3) national DIGITAL ID status (planned/piloting/operational/mandatory), legal framework, biometric/mobile, cross-border interoperability (eIDAS/EUDI) and privacy law. Each block carries provenance (confidence, verified_date, official sources); low-confidence detail is withheld as CHECK-OFFICIAL-SOURCE. Pass cc for one jurisdiction, omit for all. INFORMATION, NOT ADVICE — government status/timelines change frequently; verify the cited source.

get_digital_gov_progress

Step-by-step expected timeline for a programme: published processing time plus the stage breakdown where available.

estimate_timeline

Estimate the total cost of a programme for a given family: investment + government & due-diligence fees + family add-ons. Indicative; excludes professional/property/legal fees.

estimate_total_cost

FAMILY PATHWAYS: who can come with, or join, the main applicant — spouse, unmarried/same-sex partner, children (MAXIMUM AGE and when age is measured), adult dependent children, parents, siblings — whether they join at the SAME TIME or LATER, what happens if a child ages out, and every related cost by dependant category. Three modes. (1) programme_id: dependants record of one investment-migration programme, e.g. antigua-cbi, greece-gv. (2) cc: family-reunification law of a country by sponsor class (citizen, resident, investor-visa holder): relatives, waiting period, income and housing tests, fees, processing time. (3) screen: pass children_ages (e.g. [7,15,24]) plus optional parents, partner, together_required to rank programmes that can include the WHOLE family, per person. Each figure carries legal basis, source tier and date. Absence means UNVERIFIED, never that no route exists. Information, not legal advice.

get_family_pathway

Naturalisation periods and NATIONALITY-BASED FAST TRACKS, verified against the enacted statute. Pass nationality (ISO-3166 alpha-2 of the passport held) to rank covered jurisdictions by how soon THAT nationality may apply for citizenship — e.g. an Ibero-American national reaches Spanish citizenship in 2 years instead of 10 (Codigo Civil art. 22.1), a CPLP national reaches Portuguese citizenship in 7 instead of 10 (Lei 37/81 art. 6 as amended by Lei Organica 1/2026). Pass cc instead for one jurisdiction in full, including the ordinary baseline, who gets NO reduction, and any transitional regime. Periods are qualifying residence before an application may be made and exclude processing time. Coverage is narrow by design — a jurisdiction appears only once its statute has been read in full, so absence means unverified, never that no fast track exists. NOT for buying a passport: for citizenship by investment (the fastest second passport for a budget) use list_programmes or recommend_programmes.

find_fastest_citizenship

Find jurisdictions for setting up a CHARITABLE/PHILANTHROPIC structure — charitable foundations (e.g. the Liechtenstein gemeinnützige Stiftung), donor-advised funds (US 501(c)(3) ecosystem), charitable trusts, waqf — with donor tax relief, the entity tax status, cross-border granting and the standout vehicle. The philanthropy/legacy complement to the residence/citizenship + tax + trust layers.

find_charity_jurisdictions

FILTER the Mirabello formation profiles to find company/structure jurisdictions matching constraints: remote_only (fully remote formation), max_setup_usd (setup cost ceiling), banking_tier (good|moderate — minimum), eu_clean (exclude EU Annex I/II and FATF-listed), lane (company|trust). Each match returns key, vehicle, tier, status, headline tax line, cost ranges, timeline, banking tier and ideal-client line, with the full honest per-jurisdiction profile available on request. Rule zero: profit tax follows the OWNER (residence/PoEM/CFC), not the entity. Information, not advice.

find_formation_jurisdictions

Find which countries offer a given immigration pathway (e.g. digital-nomad, skilled-work, ancestry-descent, retirement-passive, eu-free-movement). Returns the screened countries that have it, each with its key requirements (income thresholds included), cost and path to PR. EU/EEA/Swiss citizens moving within the EU/EEA or Switzerland use eu-free-movement, not a visa.

find_pathways

Find countries by wealth-protection tax criteria — no personal income tax, no inheritance tax, no wealth tax, no capital gains tax, territorial taxation, non-CRS (no automatic financial-account exchange), not on the EU tax black/grey list, or crypto-friendly (favourable crypto-asset tax regime). Returns matching countries with their HNWI tax + CRS + EU-list (+ crypto) snapshot. Combine with a residence or citizenship route for a full tax-plus-pathway view.

find_low_tax

Find RETIREMENT and PASSIVE-INCOME residence routes (pensionado, rentista, retiree visas) that qualify on income or savings, not an investment. Filter by monthly income in USD, income type, net worth, the most days a year you want to spend there, region, dependants and untaxed foreign income. golden_only returns only routes rated Golden by the Mirabello Golden Retirement Index (score 70+/100: no investment, little or no tax on foreign income, little presence, little renewal); min_score sets a score floor. Each route gives its official requirement in its legal currency, whether you appear to qualify (indicative FX), the stay rule, the foreign-income tax label (Mexico, Portugal, Colombia and Brazil tax the foreign pension of a tax resident), the Golden Retirement score with its reasons, the path to permanent residence, and the official source. Unverified figures are withheld, never estimated. Information, not advice.

find_retirement_routes

Find trust & foundation jurisdictions for asset protection and succession planning (e.g. Cook Islands, Nevis, Cayman, Jersey, Liechtenstein), ranked by asset-protection strength, each with its statute, CRS status and EU-list status. Filter by vehicle (trust/foundation) or strong_protection. The wealth-structuring complement to the residence/citizenship pathways.

find_trust_jurisdictions

Anti-avoidance & relocation-tax flags for a jurisdiction: CFC (controlled foreign company), GAAR (general anti-avoidance rule), POEM (place of effective management)/corporate-residence, economic substance, exit-tax detail and step-up-in-basis on becoming resident. The depth behind headline rates. Use ISO alpha-2. Indicative, not advice.

flag_cfc_poe_risk

Forced-heirship / testamentary-freedom position for a jurisdiction: whether forced heirship exists, the reserved shares (e.g. France réserve héréditaire, Germany Pflichtteil, Switzerland reform), the freely-disposable portion, whether a spouse/children can be disinherited, and how trusts/foundations interact with reserved shares. States the default legal rules — NOT how any estate will devolve. Use ISO alpha-2.

forced_heirship_risk

CHARITABLE & PRIVATE FOUNDATION and TRUST rules for a jurisdiction: whether the foundation legal form exists (Stiftung / fondation / fundación / waqf / foundation company), legal basis, regulator/registry, minimum endowment, governance organs, founder reserved powers, beneficiary rights, charitable-purpose requirements, tax treatment and cross-border donor deductibility, reporting/audit duties, UBO-register visibility, trust recognition (domestic trust law / Hague Convention / not recognised) and lawful foundation+trust combination patterns. Deepens the charity and trust jurisdiction shortlists to 194-country coverage. Pass cc for one jurisdiction; omit for the covered list. Establishment is decided by the competent registry or regulator and executed via licensed local partners; tax outcomes follow the founder's and beneficiaries' residence. Information, not legal or tax advice.

get_foundation_rules

Generate a personalised Mirabello briefing: given a client profile (nationality, budget, family, goals), returns a ranked shortlist with full family cost math AND a shareable branded briefing page URL (valid 90 days). Optionally registers the client for specialist follow-up (email + consent).

generate_briefing

OFFICIAL GERMAN EMIGRATION DATA: where German citizens actually move, by destination country and year (Destatis statistic 12711-0008, 2016 onwards). Returns departures, arrivals and net migration per destination, plus each destination share of the NAMED-destination base. Revealed preference, not opinion: in 2025 at least 288,579 German citizens deregistered for a move abroad, a net loss of about 96,689; Switzerland, Austria, Spain, the United States and France were the largest stated destinations. CRITICAL, returned in the caveats field: roughly 48% of departures state NO destination, so rankings describe the named base only, and totals are a floor because people leave without deregistering. Never trend across 2015/2016 (definitional break). Popularity is not suitability. Pass year, destination or top. Licence dl-de/by-2-0; Destatis attribution mandatory on reuse.

get_emigration_flows

Recently re-verified listings (price / availability / sale status), optionally since an ISO date. For agents keeping an inventory view fresh.

get_availability_updates

Standard document checklist for a programme application (per programme type, plus programme-specific items where published). Final list always confirmed by a specialist — varies by family composition and nationality.

get_document_checklist

Processing-time estimate for one programme (by id) or all programmes: the typical government processing range, the basis of the estimate and its source. Use when the user asks how long an application takes. Figures are indicative and vary with the case and the workload of the authority.

get_processing_times

Full detail for one programme by id (e.g. "dominica-cbi","greece-gv"): routes, fees, processing, mobility, tax, path to citizenship, its Mirabello Index composite score + rank (mirabello_index), and the Mirabello programme page.

get_programme

Full detail for one investment property by slug: price, specs, location, qualifying programme + holding period, project/developer (where disclosed), availability and freshness. Mirabello Consultancy acts as introducer only; brochure, floor plan and due-diligence pack are available from Mirabello on enquiry. Indicative; verify with Mirabello.

get_property

Structuring playbook for online/global businesses: recommended setups by CUSTOMER MARKET (USA, EU, Switzerland, Asia, Middle East income), worldwide archetype stacks (solo, scale-up, multi-region enterprise), and HOLDING-LAYER options by region (Swiss holding, Luxembourg SOPARFI, Cyprus holdco, ADGM SPV, Singapore holdco) with what a holding genuinely delivers. Rule zero: profit tax follows the OWNER (residence/PoEM/CFC), not the customers. Optionally pass a market or archetype to focus.

get_structuring_playbook

Mirabello curated GLOBAL STRUCTURING roster from a full ~195-country screen: A-tier company-formation jurisdictions (UAE free zones/ADGM, US LLC, Switzerland, Singapore, Cyprus, Malta, Hungary, Jersey, Mauritius, Luxembourg, Ireland...), trust situs options, personal-tax-residence regimes, plus the watchlist of pending re-ratings (e.g. Monaco FATF delisting). Governed by the Mirabello Standard (EU/FATF list hygiene, bankability, transparency, executability, reputation). Optionally filter by lane: corporate, trust, personal.

get_structuring_roster

The Mirabello Investment Migration Index — a composite 0–100 ranking of CBI/RBI programmes across cost, mobility, speed, path-to-citizenship, stability, family and tax, with transparent published methodology. Filter by type (CBI/RBI) and limit. Returns the TOP 25 by default (the full table is large); pass limit for more, or limit:0 for every ranked programme. Programmes with insufficient verified data are flagged provisional and excluded from the headline ranking.

get_index

LEGAL NAME CHANGE rules for a jurisdiction: whether a change is permitted, on what grounds (or none), which authority decides (civil registry or court), who may apply, the process, indicative cost and timeline, the effect on the passport, transliteration rules for rendering a name into Latin script, and whether the former name persists on records held abroad. Commonly needed after marriage, after naturalisation, and when a non-Latin name must be rendered consistently across documents. Pass cc for one jurisdiction; omit for the covered list. Decided solely by the competent registry or court; Mirabello informs and orchestrates but does not file applications. Information, not legal advice.

get_name_change

List Mirabello-advised citizenship- (CBI) and residency-by-investment (RBI/golden visa) programmes, optionally filtered by type, budget (USD, compared at indicative FX), region, or max processing time. All 98 programmes is a large response — pass limit when you only need a sample. Budget filters exclude programmes with no fixed threshold, which are still listed unfiltered.

list_programmes

Official procedure facts for Maltese citizens and their families, in Malta and abroad: (1) passport renewal (Identità fees by age and season, the official 4-hour urgent service in Malta, applying through a mission abroad, minors, lost/stolen); (2) a newborn's birth registration, citizenship and first passport (born in Malta or abroad to a Maltese parent); (3) a foreign spouse's citizenship by marriage (Cap. 188 art. 6, Form B, 5-year rule); (4) registration by descent (art. 5(3), Forms K and M, two consecutive Malta-born generations; the 1 August 2028 dates concern the parent or ancestor, not an application deadline). Returns steps, documents, itemised fees with source and verified flag, timelines, the authority, missions for the residence country and how Mirabello prepares the file. NOT investment citizenship (Malta's investor programme closed in 2025). Omit service for an overview. Information, not legal advice.

get_malta_citizen_service

Itemised official government fee for a Maltese passport (Identità): age band (under 10 / 10-15 / 16+), seasonal adult rate (€70 September-March, €80 April-August), the official urgent service (€160 adult, 4 working hours, in Malta only), the €15 supplement when a lost or stolen passport was still valid, and, for applications through a Maltese embassy or consulate abroad, the mission processing fee and courier charges (flagged where unverified). Deterministic: computed from the official fee table with sources. Information only; confirm with the Passport Office or mission before paying.

estimate_malta_passport_fee

Default matrimonial-property regime for a jurisdiction (e.g. community of acquisitions vs separation of property), whether prenuptial/marital agreements can vary it, and how property splits on divorce or death. Informational — confirm with local counsel. Use ISO alpha-2.

matrimonial_regime_screen

Strategic mobility optionality for a jurisdiction: the lawful residence/citizenship ROUTES it offers (investment programmes) with minimum physical presence, family inclusion, path to permanence, processing time and regulator — the planning view of mobility, not passport strength. Passport reach (visa-free count) is included as context only. Pass cc for one jurisdiction, omit for all. INFORMATION, NOT ADVICE; combine with the full immigration profile and a Mirabello consultation.

get_mobility_optionality

Includes basic_account_right: whether residents (or EEA residents) have a statutory right to a basic account; that right is not a ban on non-residents. BANK-ACCOUNT ACCESS for FOREIGN NON-RESIDENTS in a jurisdiction — two profiles: (a) non-resident individual, (b) foreign entity. Each carries the STATUTORY position AND the PRACTICAL bank appetite separately (many countries are legally open but practically closed — the two are never merged), plus typical KYC/document set, remote-opening availability, indicative minimums (bank policy, never law), timelines, CRS/FATCA notes and EDD triggers. Deepens the formation-linked banking landscape to 194-country coverage. Pass cc for one jurisdiction; omit for the covered list. Account opening is decided unilaterally by each bank — NO account opening is ever guaranteed; full CRS/FATCA transparency always. Information, not financial or legal advice.

get_nonresident_banking

CBI passport-RENEWAL facts for a Caribbean/Pacific programme country (St Kitts & Nevis, Antigua & Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, St Lucia, Vanuatu): official government renewal fees (currency-primary EC$/GBP/VT with USD approximations, adult/child/lost-stolen), passport validity (adult/child years incl. Grenada adult 10-year since Jul 2024 and St Lucia 10-year since Aug 2025), typical processing, remote-renewal capability (Vanuatu requires in-person biometrics), biometric status, ECCIRA status (postponed to mid-2026, existing rules in force), the biometric/ECCIRA deadlines (e.g. St Kitts 31 Jul 2027), official source URLs, last_verified and the Mirabello /passport-renewal page. Pass country (programme id, e.g. st-kitts-cbi) for one; omit for all six. Citizenship is permanent; an expired passport is only a lapsed travel document. Information, not advice.

get_passport_renewal